Nuclear Physics is also another field that I'm not afraid to dabble in on an amateur level. The attempt to model the atom has spun all sorts sorts of debate and confusion... especially seen in misunderstood discoveries such as the ill-named cold fusion. Rules have been made to describe the observed behaviors which seem to govern subatomic particles, but those rules are not permitted to flex if the model is too limited to encompass newly dicovered behaviors.
Einstein proved to be quite correct in the rules he outlined in his General and Special Theories of Relativity. Still, his explanation of those models are often refuted today. (I am reminded of the poker scene from Star Trek: The Next Generation in which Steven Hawking, played by himself, shows his cards to ol' Albert exclaiming, "Wrong again, Einstein.") While I agree that the rules of his Special Theory remain true, it is the model and interperatation of that theory that I wish to prove incorrect.
When Einstein observed that Mercury, fastest of the planets, seemed to increase inertial momentum away from the Sun the faster it travelled (along an eliptical orbit), he correctly identified a rule of Special Relativity. This also described the behavior of near-light particles in nuclear colliders, which would approach unswervable momentum and release greater-than-expected energy yeilds the closer it approached the so-called 'speed of light.'
To my horror, I've heard this explained in (what I consider to be) the most untenable rationales that one could believe. The increase of inertial momentum is attributed to "an approach toward infinite mass and infinitesimal depth". To make matters worse, this thinking is popularized by minds and great and imaginitive as Isaac Asimov... but they're WRONG.
If there exists an Ether which acts like a cosmic luminal medium, then it still awaits proof of its existence by some characteristic behavior. In theory, it limits the speed at which energy is conducted. In practice, its a component of an antiquated model using it as a prop for which it serves no particular function. Without identifiable behavior, it serves no purpose in our matter-model. I believe it has only served to model a misunderstanding about what is erroneously called 'the speed of light,' a term for which I have a completely different definition:
The so-called 'speed of light' is actually a rate of energy transfer, serving as the maximum rate at which light can non-destructively be released or absorbed.